當不銹鋼管浮銹較厚,首先用錘子等敲擊手動工具除掉鋼管表面上的厚銹,使銹層脫落。然后使用鋼絲刷、鋼砂布或鏟刀等手工工具刮或磨,除掉表面上所有銹蝕層,待露出金屬本色后再用棉紗拉、刷干凈。
動(dong)力工(gong)具為(wei)由動(dong)力驅動(dong)的(de)旋轉方式(shi)或沖擊式(shi)除銹(xiu)工(gong)具,如(ru)可以使用圓盤狀的(de)鋼(gang)絲(si)刷(shua)。鋼(gang)絲(si)刷(shua)通(tong)過軟軸有電動(dong)機驅動(dong)。如(ru)圖 2-1所示,鋼(gang)絲(si)刷(shua)的(de)直徑根據不同的(de)清洗管(guan)徑而更換(huan),清洗管(guan)段可長達(da)12米。
圖 2-2 所示為離(li)心(xin)式鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)除(chu)銹機(ji),可同(tong)時(shi)清除(chu)不銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)內外(wai)壁的(de)氧(yang)化皮或疏松的(de)銹。該(gai)機(ji)是(shi)利用(yong)離(li)心(xin)力的(de)原理制成的(de)。主(zhu)要機(ji)件(jian)有(you)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)小車、砂輪機(ji)架、傳動機(ji)構及手動卷楊機(ji)等。
除銹不銹鋼管(guan)用吊車(che)安放在(zai)鋼管(guan)小(xiao)車(che)上(shang),在(zai)小(xiao)車(che)的尾部用鋼絲(si)繩直接通過輕便鐵(tie)軌(gui)上(shang)的導向(xiang)滑(hua)輪與(yu)手動(dong)卷楊機相連。小(xiao)車(che)上(shang)安裝(zhuang)1.7KW電動(dong)機,經(jing)減(jian)速器用鏈條帶動(dong)托輥使管(guan)子轉動(dong),轉速為15~20r/mm。在(zai)臥(wo)裝(zhuang)砂輪機圓盤鋼絲(si)刷(shua)的摩擦作(zuo)用下,去除鋼管(guan)外壁(bi)的銹蝕。臥(wo)裝(zhuang)砂輪和(he)圓盤鋼絲(si)刷(shua)裝(zhuang)在(zai)砂輪機架上(shang)。
當電動(dong)機轉動(dong)時(shi),通過十(shi)字接頭帶動(dong)主傳動(dong)軸,主傳動(dong)軸通過 2~3 副(fu)滾珠(zhu)軸承,支(zhi)撐(cheng)在(zai)套(tao)管(guan)里,套(tao)管(guan)支(zhi)撐(cheng)在(zai)裝有托輥的(de)(de)活動(dong)小(xiao)車(che)上(shang),主傳動(dong)軸的(de)(de)端(duan)部(bu)兩(liang)塊(kuai)鋼絲刷緊密(mi)的(de)(de)接觸管(guan)壁,摩(mo)擦(ca)管(guan)壁鐵銹,同時(shi)壓縮(suo)空氣管(guan)將除下的(de)(de)氧化鐵銹隨時(shi)吹出管(guan)外。整(zheng)個管(guan)子(zi)的(de)(de)移動(dong),進或(huo)退,是以 800~1000 mm/min的(de)(de)速度(du)推動(dong)鋼管(guan)小(xiao)車(che)在(zai)輪軌上(shang)行駛來實現的(de)(de)。
操作時(shi)(shi)(shi),兩(liang)手搖卷揚機(ji)(ji),使鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)小車(che)移到(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan),進(jin)入主傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)鋼(gang)絲(si)刷的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)開動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)兩(liang)電機(ji)(ji)及壓縮空氣閥門,開始除(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)。這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)主傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滾(gun)珠軸(zhou)(zhou)承支撐(cheng)在不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)里(li),這(zhe)(zhe)個活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滾(gun)珠軸(zhou)(zhou)承不(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、前進(jin)或后退(tui),它(ta)(ta)都可(ke)以四面(mian)八方(fang)隨著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),而(er)且(qie)當(dang)作傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)一個支點。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)再向前移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi),活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)門形支架倒下,活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小車(che)靠管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)的(de)(de)前進(jin)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)前進(jin)。除(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)到(dao)頭時(shi)(shi)(shi),手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)卷揚機(ji)(ji)倒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)后退(tui),再次除(chu)一遍銹(xiu)(xiu)。這(zhe)(zhe)一過程歷時(shi)(shi)(shi)約15分(fen)鐘。
采用離心式(shi)鋼管除銹(xiu)機可比人(ren)工、噴(pen)(拋)射除銹(xiu)提高工效5倍,并保證清除質量。不(bu)銹鋼管表面上動力工(gong)具(ju)不能達到的(de)地方,可以用(yong)手動工(gong)具(ju)做補充處理。如果用(yong)沖(chong)擊式工(gong)具(ju)除銹(xiu)時,不應(ying)造成鋼管(guan)的(de)損傷;用(yong)旋(xuan)轉式工(gong)具(ju)除銹(xiu)時,不宜將表面(mian)磨得過(guo)光。