給排(pai)水系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)設置及給排(pai)水管(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)材、防腐(fu)、閥門等的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)選擇，防止了地下水和(he)土壤受(shou)到污染，保證了石油(you)化工企(qi)業安全(quan)運行。埋地給排(pai)水管(guan)道用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)材應(ying)根(gen)據內水壓力(li)、流量、環境介質(zhi)及管(guan)材材質(zhi)等綜合因(yin)素確定。

 1. 給(gei)排水系(xi)統(tong)

  石化(hua)給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一般可(ke)分(fen)為給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包括生活給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生產給(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、循環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、消防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)回用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)分(fen)為含(han)油污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、清凈雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)主要排放(fang)各生產裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、輔助設施排出的含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)通(tong)過排污(wu)(wu)井或漏斗收(shou)集，重力(li)流進(jin)入(ru)隔油(you)池，預處理(li)后(hou)由泵(beng)提升至廠區(qu)內(nei)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)場處理(li)達(da)標后(hou)排放(fang)。裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染區(qu)15min 前的初期雨水(shui)(shui)也進(jin)入(ru)含(han)油(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)。

   ②. 生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)系統主要(yao)排放(fang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)污(wu)染(ran)區15min以后的后期雨水(shui)，通過明(ming)溝收集(ji)進(jin)入生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)系統，經泵加壓(ya)提升至污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)場(chang)處理(li)達標后排放(fang)。

   ③. 清凈雨(yu)水系(xi)統為廠(chang)區道路雨(yu)水，通過管道收集后(hou)進入雨(yu)水調峰池，經監測(ce)無污(wu)染后(hou)可直接外排或處理后(hou)再(zai)利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統來(lai)自廁(ce)所、食(shi)堂、浴室生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化(hua)糞池后壓力排往污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的(de)生(sheng)化(hua)池。生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需單(dan)獨收(shou)集，個別(bie)生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)需排入生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含油(you)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統時，在接入前需設水(shui)(shui)封設施，以防(fang)止生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的(de)有(you)害氣體竄入生(sheng)活(huo)設施。

 2. 管材選用(yong)

  除(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)給水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室(shi)(shi)內部分(fen)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外，其余(yu)給水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道一般(ban)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。含(han)油污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道建議采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送流(liu)體(ti)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，也有的(de)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)流(liu)體(ti)輸送用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄(zhu)鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐腐蝕性(xing)能(neng)較強、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較厚、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道基(ji)礎的(de)要求(qiu)較低(di)(di)、施(shi)工費用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)。生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道室(shi)(shi)內部分(fen)一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑(zhu)排水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道，粘接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)；室(shi)(shi)外部分(fen)一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)流(liu)體(ti)輸送用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，以避免(mian)過路時生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道被壓(ya)損。鋼(gang)骨(gu)架(jia)增強塑料(liao)復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具有機械強度高、耐溫性(xing)能(neng)好(hao)、雙(shuang)面防腐、節(jie)能(neng)等優點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕(jue)大部分(fen)石(shi)油化(hua)工給埋地排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道材料(liao)的(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕(shi)設計(ji)

  給排水管(guan)(guan)道外防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)好壞直接(jie)影響管(guan)(guan)道壽(shou)命(ming)，因此根(gen)(gen)據實際情況(kuang)選擇合適防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)方案及等(deng)級是非常(chang)重要的(de)。根(gen)(gen)據SH／T 3022《石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)化工(gong)(gong)設備和(he)管(guan)(guan)道涂料防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕設計標準》，埋地管(guan)(guan)道外防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)可采用石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)瀝青(qing)(qing)漆、環(huan)(huan)氧煤瀝青(qing)(qing)漆、聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)膠黏帶(dai)進行防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)瀝青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)涂層(ceng)結(jie)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低，但(dan)需在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場加熱(re)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)瀝青(qing)(qing)，且對環(huan)(huan)境有(you)一定(ding)的(de)污(wu)染，已(yi)漸(jian)漸(jian)淡(dan)出市場。聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)膠黏帶(dai)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)層(ceng)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)能(neng)優異(yi)，但(dan)其(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)高、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)雜(za)(za)、焊縫處易形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)空鼓、補口(kou)操作復(fu)雜(za)(za)。環(huan)(huan)氧煤瀝青(qing)(qing)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)涂層(ceng)結(jie)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)(jiao)聚(ju)乙烯(xi)(xi)膠黏帶(dai)低，具(ju)有(you)一次(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)膜(mo)厚、耐酸堿、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)簡單(dan)等(deng)優點，一般(ban)選用環(huan)(huan)氧煤瀝青(qing)(qing)漆進行埋地管(guan)(guan)道防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。管(guan)(guan)道穿井壁處需設置防(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)管(guan)(guan)道泄漏。