軸承鋼(gang)(gang)是特殊(shu)鋼(gang)(gang)中最(zui)具代表性(xing)的鋼(gang)(gang)種，其服(fu)役條件惡劣，使用性(xing)能要(yao)求較高，是生產難度最(zui)大(da)、質(zhi)量要(yao)求最(zui)嚴(yan)、檢驗項目最(zui)多的鋼(gang)(gang)種之(zhi)一(yi)。國際鋼(gang)(gang)鐵界通常把軸承鋼(gang)(gang)的質(zhi)量水平(ping)視為鋼(gang)(gang)鐵企業(ye)特殊(shu)鋼(gang)(gang)生產技(ji)術(shu)水平(ping)和(he)產品(pin)質(zhi)量水平(ping)的重要(yao)標志。

  軸承管(guan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)造滾動軸承的(de)內外套(tao)(tao)圈。由于(yu)(yu)滾動軸承工作時(shi)負(fu)荷(he)集(ji)中，因(yin)此要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)軸承套(tao)(tao)圈在工作時(shi)能抗(kang)壓、耐磨損、耐腐蝕和有(you)(you)較長(chang)的(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。為了(le)達到這(zhe)些要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，軸承用(yong)鋼(gang)應具有(you)(you)高(gao)而均勻(yun)(yun)的(de)硬度(du)和耐磨性(xing)，高(gao)的(de)彈性(xing)極(ji)限和接觸疲勞強度(du)，一定的(de)韌(ren)性(xing)和淬透(tou)性(xing)及(ji)耐蝕性(xing)。從而對鋼(gang)的(de)純凈度(du)、氣(qi)體(ti)含量（氧氮含量）、非金屬(shu)夾雜（數量、形態、種類）及(ji)碳(tan)化(hua)物(wu)數量形態分(fen)布、成分(fen)、組織的(de)均勻(yun)(yun)性(xing)及(ji)鋼(gang)材(cai)表(biao)面的(de)脫碳(tan)層程度(du)都有(you)(you)嚴格的(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。由于(yu)(yu)軸承規(gui)格繁(fan)多，為了(le)減少加工余量及(ji)提(ti)高(gao)成材(cai)率又對軸承鋼(gang)管(guan)的(de)規(gui)格及(ji)尺寸(cun)精度(du)提(ti)出更高(gao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

  在國外(wai)，著名的軸承鋼(gang)生(sheng)產企業(ye)如(ru)瑞典SKF、日本山陽(yang)、美國鐵(tie)姆肯等(deng)均生(sheng)產軸承管(guan)。其中SKF生(sheng)產外(wai)徑(jing)φ90～200mm熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)及Φ55～110mm冷軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)；日本山陽(yang)生(sheng)產外(wai)徑(jing)φ50～180mm 熱(re)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)和ф22～95mm的冷軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)。

  我國的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)主(zhu)要以中小(xiao)(xiao)口徑為主(zhu)，由(you)于規格(ge)繁(fan)多、批量(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)等原因，多由(you)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)中小(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)采用(yong)穿孔＋冷軋(ya)／拔＋熱(re)處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。全流(liu)程(cheng)的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋼(gang)管(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)由(you)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環節多、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)流(liu)程(cheng)長、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)涉及(ji)(ji)面廣(guang)，諸如，冶煉(lian)涉及(ji)(ji)煉(lian)鐵、煉(lian)鋼(gang)和連鑄，軋(ya)管(guan)涉及(ji)(ji)熱(re)軋(ya)、控冷、酸(suan)洗及(ji)(ji)冷軋(ya)，熱(re)處理(li)(li)涉及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)化退火、光亮退火等，其影響質量(liang)的(de)因素多，質量(liang)控制難度大。另外該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周(zhou)期(qi)長，能耗高(gao)，易對環境(jing)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污染(ran)等，使國內特鋼(gang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和全流(liu)程(cheng)鋼(gang)管(guan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)很少(shao)涉足(zu)。目前我國軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋼(gang)（管(guan)）產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)的(de)現狀是：特鋼(gang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋼(gang)坯(pi)（棒）銷售給軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，少(shao)部分(fen)賣給軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)作為坯(pi)料；軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)以購買軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋼(gang)（棒）作為原料，采用(yong)穿孔＋冷軋(ya)／拔工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)，兩大工(gong)(gong)序（上下游(you)）各自(zi)獨立（在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術體(ti)系上沒(mei)有(you)緊密的(de)聯系），生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中型(xing)(xing)(xing)、大型(xing)(xing)(xing)、特大型(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，主(zhu)要采用(yong)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋼(gang)坯(pi)（棒）；生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)微型(xing)(xing)(xing)、小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，采用(yong)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)。