不銹鋼電解拋光工藝流程要根據表面不同的情形、不銹鋼的種類選擇適合的操作程序。
工藝流程 1
適合于(yu)煉鋼出來的(de)材料(liao),表面(mian)有(you)一層(ceng)氧化皮,經(jing)電(dian)化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)獲得光(guang)(guang)(guang)亮如(ru)鏡的(de)表面(mian)。堿性化學(xue)除油(氫氧化鈉(na)(na)50~80g/L,碳酸鈉(na)(na)20~30g/L,磷酸三鈉(na)(na)20~30g/L,洗(xi)(xi)衣粉7~10g/L,溫(wen)度(du)(du)95~100℃,時間(jian)15~30min)→熱水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→去污粉擦洗(xi)(xi)→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→上(shang)夾(jia)具(接觸點用螺釘擰緊)→下(xia)電(dian)化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)槽(cao)[電(dian)化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)液按配方4,拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)件放在(zai)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang),鉛板放在(zai)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang),陰陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)面(mian)積比(bi)1:(2~3.5),調整好陰陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)距離100~300mm]→給電(dian)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(電(dian)壓6~12V,陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流密度(du)(du)30~60A/d㎡,溫(wen)度(du)(du)50~80℃,時間(jian)8~3min)→斷電(dian)出槽(cao)→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→拆卸夾(jia)具→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→熱水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→鈍化處理[硝酸(d=1.40)600~700mL/L,重鉻酸鉀8~10g/L,室溫(wen),時間(jian)30~40min]→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→冷水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→中和(碳酸鈉(na)(na)20~30g/L,室溫(wen),時間(jian)2min)→熱水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→干(gan)燥(0.3~0.5MPa壓縮空氣吹干(gan)并烘干(gan))。
工藝流程 2
采用三(san)次不同的拋(pao)光方(fang)法。拋(pao)光不銹鋼(gang)零件可按此工(gong)序進行。機械拋(pao)光→化學除油→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→酸蝕(工(gong)業鹽(yan)酸加緩(huan)蝕劑六亞甲基四胺(an)1~2g/L,室(shi)溫(wen),時間(jian)1.0~2min;或工(gong)業硫酸200~250g/L,緩(huan)蝕劑硫脲0.3~0.5g/L,溫(wen)度80~98℃,時間(jian)3~5min)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→化學拋(pao)光(按表3-1中配(pei)(pei)方(fang)8或其他)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→電解拋(pao)光(按表3-3中配(pei)(pei)方(fang),適當選(xuan)取)→熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→鈍化→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→中和→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)→熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(90~98℃)→烘干。
工藝流程 3
適合于切削加工馬氏體(ti)不銹鋼制品,經一次電化學拋光、鈍化得成品。裝夾具→電化學除油(氫氧化鈉15~25g/L,碳酸鈉25~35g/L,磷酸三鈉10~20g/L,溫度55~60℃,陽極DA2~5A/d㎡2,時間1~2min)→熱水洗→冷水洗→酸蝕[硫酸(d=1.84)10%~15%(質量分數),室溫,30~60秒]→冷水洗→電化學拋光(溶液按表3-3配方7配制)→冷水洗→冷水洗→鈍化(硝酸250mL/L,重鉻酸鉀20g/L,室溫,時間<30min;或重鉻酸鉀15g/L,氫氧化鈉3g/L,pH6.5~7.5,溫度60~80℃,時間3min)→冷水洗→冷水洗→中和(只用鈍化前一個配方時進行,碳酸鈉20~30g/L)→冷水洗→冷水洗→熱水洗→干燥(壓縮空氣吹干)。
工藝流程 4
適合于有焊接(jie)縫氧(yang)化皮(pi)的不(bu)銹鋼。裝夾(jia)具→除油→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→去氧(yang)化皮(pi)(氫(qing)(qing)氧(yang)化鈉95~105g/L,碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉100~200g/L,高錳酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)80~90g/L,溫(wen)度60~70℃,零件掛陽極,DA35~45A/d㎡2,時間7~9min,陰極掛鉛(qian)板)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)[硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)10%~15%(質量(liang)分數)]→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→光(guang)亮浸蝕(shi)(硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)100mL/L,硝酸(suan)(suan)170mL/L,氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)50mL/L,室溫(wen),5~10min)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→電化學(xue)拋(pao)光(guang)(按表(biao)3-3配方11進行)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→鈍(dun)化(硝酸(suan)(suan)500mL/L,重(zhong)鉻酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)10g/L,室溫(wen),時間10min)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→中和(碳酸(suan)(suan)鈉20~30g/L,室溫(wen),2min)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)→吹(chui)干→下夾(jia)具。