靜(jing)電是指工(gong)業靜(jing)電，即在生產、儲(chu)運過程中在物料、裝置、人體、器材(cai)和構筑物上產生和積累起來的靜(jing)電。

  兩(liang)種(zhong)不同性質的物(wu)體(ti)相互摩擦，緊密接觸或(huo)迅(xun)速剝離都(dou)會產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一個物(wu)體(ti)失(shi)去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，另一個物(wu)體(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。如果該物(wu)體(ti)與大(da)(da)地絕緣(yuan)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷無法(fa)泄漏(lou)，停留在(zai)物(wu)體(ti)的內部或(huo)表面(mian)而(er)呈(cheng)相對(dui)靜(jing)止狀態，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就稱(cheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物(wu)料(liao)、油品等在(zai)收發、輸轉、灌裝過(guo)程(cheng)中，物(wu)料(liao)分子之間(jian)和其他物(wu)質之間(jian)的摩擦，會產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著摩擦的加劇(ju)而(er)增大(da)(da)，如不及時(shi)導除，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增高(gao)到一定程(cheng)度(du)時(shi)，就會在(zai)兩(liang)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之間(jian)閃火（即靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而(er)引起油品爆炸著火。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越高(gao)越容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)或靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)量大(da)小主要與下列因素有關(guan)：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內介質(zhi)流速(su)越(yue)快(kuai)，摩擦越(yue)劇烈(lie)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)越(yue)干(gan)燥，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)不容(rong)易(yi)(yi)從(cong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內壁(bi)越(yue)粗(cu)糙，油品流經的(de)彎頭(tou)閥門越(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；油品含(han)水(shui)時(shi)，比不含(han)水(shui)分產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)幾倍到幾十倍；非(fei)金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如(ru)橡膠、塑料等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)比金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)更(geng)容(rong)易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾網(wang)其柵網(wang)越(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。綢氈(zhan)過濾網(wang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)的(de)溫度(du)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)的(de)相對濕度(du)在13％～24％時(shi)，極易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相同條(tiao)件下，輕(qing)質(zhi)燃料油比潤(run)滑油易(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)危害有三種(zhong)：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)引起爆炸和(he)火災(zai)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量雖然不(bu)大，但(dan)(dan)因(yin)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高且易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出現(xian)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花；二(er)是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖然不(bu)會(hui)(hui)致(zhi)人死(si)亡，但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)往往會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)二(er)次事故，因(yin)此也要加以防范；三是(shi)(shi)可能(neng)影響(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)儀(yi)器設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)正常運(yun)行或降低(di)產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)質量。此外(wai)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還會(hui)(hui)引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)自(zi)動元件的(de)(de)(de)誤操作。