凡是(shi)(shi)兩端開口并(bing)具有(you)中空斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)，而(er)且其(qi)長(chang)度(du)與(yu)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長(chang)之比(bi)較大(da)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)，都(dou)可(ke)以稱為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)。當長(chang)度(du)與(yu)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)周(zhou)長(chang)之比(bi)較小時，可(ke)稱為(wei)(wei)管(guan)段或(huo)管(guan)形配件，它們都(dou)屬于管(guan)材(cai)產(chan)品的(de)(de)范疇。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種經(jing)濟斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)，是(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵工(gong)(gong)業(ye)中的(de)(de)一(yi)項重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)產(chan)品，通常占全部鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)總量(liang)的(de)(de)8%~16%左右(you)，它在(zai)國民(min)經(jing)濟中的(de)(de)應用(yong)范圍極為(wei)(wei)廣泛。由于鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)具有(you)空心(xin)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)，因而(er)最(zui)適合(he)作液(ye)體、氣體和(he)(he)固體的(de)(de)輸送(song)管(guan)道；同(tong)時與(yu)相(xiang)同(tong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)的(de)(de)圓(yuan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)比(bi)較，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)系數大(da)、抗彎抗扭強度(du)大(da)，所以也成為(wei)(wei)各種機(ji)(ji)械(xie)和(he)(he)建筑結(jie)構上的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)材(cai)料。用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)制(zhi)成的(de)(de)結(jie)構和(he)(he)部件，在(zai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)相(xiang)等(deng)的(de)(de)情況下，比(bi)實心(xin)零(ling)部件具有(you)更大(da)的(de)(de)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)模(mo)數。所以，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)本(ben)身就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種節約金屬的(de)(de)經(jing)濟斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)，它是(shi)(shi)高效鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成部分，尤其(qi)在(zai)石油鉆采(cai)、冶煉和(he)(he)輸送(song)等(deng)行業(ye)需求較大(da)，其(qi)次地質鉆探、化工(gong)(gong)、建筑工(gong)(gong)業(ye)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)、飛機(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)汽(qi)車制(zhi)造以及(ji)鍋爐、醫療(liao)器(qi)械(xie)、家具和(he)(he)自行車制(zhi)造等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)也都(dou)需要(yao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)各種鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)。近年(nian)來(lai)，隨(sui)著原子能、火箭、導彈和(he)(he)航天工(gong)(gong)業(ye)等(deng)新技術的(de)(de)發(fa)展，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)在(zai)國防(fang)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)、科學技術和(he)(he)經(jing)濟建設中的(de)(de)地位愈加重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。


  鋼管的(de)種類繁多，用途(tu)不同(tong)，其(qi)技術(shu)要求各異，生(sheng)產(chan)方法(fa)亦有所不同(tong)。目前生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)鋼管外(wai)徑范圍0.1~4500mm、壁厚范圍0.01~250mm.為了區分其(qi)特點，通常(chang)按如下的(de)方法(fa)對鋼管進行分類。


1. 按生產方(fang)式(shi)分類(lei)


  鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)按生產方式分(fen)為無縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)和(he)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)兩大類(lei)，無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)又可分(fen)為熱軋管(guan)(guan)，冷(leng)(leng)軋管(guan)(guan)、冷(leng)(leng)拔(ba)管(guan)(guan)和(he)擠壓管(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)，冷(leng)(leng)拔(ba)、冷(leng)(leng)軋是(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的二次加工；焊(han)管(guan)(guan)分(fen)為直縫(feng)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)螺(luo)旋焊(han)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)。


2. 按鋼管(guan)的(de)斷面形狀分類


  鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按橫斷面形(xing)狀(zhuang)可分為圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和異形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。異形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有矩形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、菱形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、六方(fang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、八方(fang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以及各種(zhong)斷面不對稱(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。異形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廣泛用(yong)于各種(zhong)結構件、工(gong)具和機械零部件。與圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)相比(bi)，異形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)般都有較大的(de)慣性矩和截面模數，有較大的(de)抗彎、抗扭能力，可以大大減輕(qing)結構重量，節約鋼材。


  鋼管(guan)按縱斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)狀可(ke)分為等斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)管(guan)和變斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)管(guan)。變斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)管(guan)有(you)錐形(xing)(xing)管(guan)、階梯形(xing)(xing)管(guan)和周期斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)管(guan)等。


3. 按鋼管的材質分類


  鋼管按材質分為普通碳素鋼管、優質碳素結構鋼管、合金結構管、合金鋼管、軸承鋼管、不銹鋼管以及為節省貴重金屬和滿足特殊要求的雙金屬復合管、鍍層和涂層管等。


4. 按管端形狀分(fen)類


  鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)根據(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)狀態可分為(wei)(wei)光管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和車絲(si)(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（帶螺(luo)(luo)紋鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)）。車絲(si)(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又可分為(wei)(wei)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)車絲(si)(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（輸(shu)送(song)水、煤氣等低壓用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，采用(yong)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)圓(yuan)柱或圓(yuan)錐(zhui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)螺(luo)(luo)紋連接(jie)）和特殊(shu)螺(luo)(luo)紋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（石(shi)油、地質鉆(zhan)探用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，對于重(zhong)要(yao)的車絲(si)(si)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，采用(yong)特殊(shu)螺(luo)(luo)紋連接(jie)），對一些特殊(shu)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，為(wei)(wei)彌補螺(luo)(luo)紋對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)強度的影響，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)在車絲(si)(si)前先進(jin)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)加厚(hou)（內加厚(hou)、外(wai)加厚(hou)或內外(wai)加厚(hou)）。


5. 按外(wai)徑D和壁(bi)厚S之比（D/S)分類


  按(an)外(wai)徑D和壁(bi)厚S之比(bi)的(de)不同將鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分(fen)為特厚管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（D/S≤10)、厚壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（D/S=10~20)、薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（D/S=20~40)和極薄壁(bi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（D/S≥40)。


6. 按用途(tu)分類


  按用(yong)途可分為(wei)油(you)井(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、油(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)及鉆(zhan)桿等）、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鍋(guo)爐管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、機械結構管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、液壓(ya)支柱管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、氣瓶管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、地質管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、化工用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（高壓(ya)化肥(fei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、石油(you)裂化管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)）和(he)船舶用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。