在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app在線觀看:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手(shou)工(gong)(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)(wei)粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋光等(deng)。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是為(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓(ya)痕、蝕(shi)點(dian)等(deng)缺陷，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)整度(du)(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，為(wei)(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)打下基礎。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是為(wei)(wei)了消除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)紋路，進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整度(du)(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。拋光的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般用(yong)于(yu)粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)Ra在(zai)0.2μm以下的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手(shou)工(gong)(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)管粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還是精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)始(shi)終(zhong)貫穿提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)、放下、旋轉、往(wang)復、輕敲(qiao)、換(huan)向等(deng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。其目的(de)(de)(de)是避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌跡重復，使(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)整度(du)(du)(du)，降低(di)粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始(shi)終(zhong)貫穿著檢驗過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，其目的(de)(de)(de)是隨時(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)有(you)(you)數(shu)，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量達到技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。在(zai)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，清潔工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)環節，應做到“三不(bu)落地(di)”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)落地(di)、工(gong)(gong)具不(bu)落地(di)、物(wu)料不(bu)落地(di)；“三不(bu)見天”，即(ji)顯(xian)(xian)示劑用(yong)后上(shang)蓋、研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑用(yong)后上(shang)蓋、稀釋劑（液(ye)）用(yong)后上(shang)蓋；“三干(gan)凈”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具用(yong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干(gan)凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清洗(xi)干(gan)凈、更(geng)換(huan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑時(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具和密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干(gan)凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應注意檢查研(yan)(yan)(yan)具不(bu)與(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何疤(ba)點(dian)臺(tai)肩(jian)相(xiang)摩擦，使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具運動平(ping)穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量。經(jing)過(guo)(guo)滲氨(an)、滲硼等(deng)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處理的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)小心(xin)(xin)謹(jin)慎，因為(wei)(wei)滲透層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大(da)而明顯(xian)(xian)下降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量應盡量小，最好(hao)進(jin)行拋光使(shi)用(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后使(shi)用(yong)，如達不(bu)到要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，就將殘存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)滲透層(ceng)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新滲透處理，恢復原(yuan)有(you)(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)于(yu)深(shen)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)深(shen)冷(leng)定型(xing)(xing)處理后再研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則，研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經(jing)深(shen)冷(leng)就會(hui)變(bian)形(xing)。深(shen)冷(leng)處理可(ke)在(zai)液(ye)氨(an)中(zhong)進(jin)行。刀型(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變(bian)寬(kuan)(kuan)，應注意恢復刀型(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原(yuan)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可(ke)用(yong)車削或研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)方法恢復寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)尺寸(cun)。

  研(yan)具(ju)(ju)使(shi)(shi)用后應進行一(yi)次檢(jian)查，對(dui)平整度不高的平面要(yao)修理(li)好，并(bing)應清洗干(gan)凈(jing)，保(bao)持完整。要(yao)分門別類地把研(yan)磨工具(ju)(ju)擺放(fang)在工具(ju)(ju)箱(xiang)內，以便以后使(shi)(shi)用。

  研磨(mo)分平面(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)、錐形密(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)、圓弧密(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)、圓柱(zhu)體密(mi)封面(mian)研磨(mo)等幾種(zhong)。

①. 閥(fa)體平面(mian)(mian)密封面(mian)(mian)的研磨 

  閥(fa)體密(mi)封(feng)平面位于閥(fa)體內腔(qiang)，研磨(mo)比較(jiao)困難。通(tong)常使用帶方孔的圓盤(pan)狀研磨(mo)工具，放(fang)在內腔(qiang)的密(mi)封(feng)面上(shang)(shang)，再用帶方頭的長柄手(shou)把來帶動研盤(pan)運動。研盤(pan)上(shang)(shang)有(you)圓柱(zhu)凸臺或(huo)引導墊片，以(yi)防止在研磨(mo)過程中研具局部(bu)離開環(huan)狀密(mi)封(feng)面而造成(cheng)研磨(mo)不勻的現(xian)象(xiang)。圖4-71為(wei)閘閥(fa)密(mi)封(feng)面的手(shou)工研磨(mo)。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)前應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)(jiang)研(yan)(yan)具工作面(mian)用(yong)丙酮或汽(qi)油擦凈，并(bing)(bing)去(qu)除閥(fa)體密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)飛邊(bian)、毛刺，再(zai)在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)涂(tu)敷一層研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)具放入(ru)閥(fa)體內腔時(shi)，要(yao)仔細地貼合在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，然后采用(yong)長柄手把使研(yan)(yan)盤做正、反方向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)轉運動。先順時(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)回(hui)轉180°,再(zai)逆時(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)回(hui)轉90°,如(ru)此反復(fu)地進行。一般回(hui)轉10余次(ci)后研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑中的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)粒(li)便已磨(mo)(mo)鈍，故應(ying)(ying)該經(jing)常抬起研(yan)(yan)盤來添新的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)要(yao)均勻，且不宜(yi)過大。粗研(yan)(yan)時(shi)壓力(li)可大些(xie)，精研(yan)(yan)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)較(jiao)小(xiao)。應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意不要(yao)因施加壓力(li)使研(yan)(yan)具局部脫開密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)一段時(shi)間后，要(yao)檢查(cha)工件的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)度(du)(du)。此時(shi)可取(qu)出研(yan)(yan)具，用(yong)丙酮或汽(qi)油將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)擦凈，再(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)圓盤形的(de)(de)(de)檢驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)輕(qing)輕(qing)放在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)并(bing)(bing)用(yong)手輕(qing)輕(qing)旋動，取(qu)出平(ping)(ping)板(ban)后就可觀察到密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)出現的(de)(de)(de)接觸痕跡。當(dang)環狀密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)均勻地顯(xian)示接觸痕跡，而徑向(xiang)(xiang)最小(xiao)接觸寬度(du)(du)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)寬度(du)(du)之比（即密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)與檢驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)吻合度(du)(du)）達到工藝上(shang)(shang)(shang)規定的(de)(de)(de)數值時(shi)，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)度(du)(du)就可認為合格。為了保證檢驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)準確性，檢驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)應(ying)(ying)經(jing)常檢查(cha)、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘板(ban)、閥瓣(ban)平面密封(feng)面的(de)研(yan)磨 

  閘(zha)板、閥瓣和閥座的密(mi)封平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)(ping)板來(lai)手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)(ping)板平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)應平(ping)(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨用(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板分刻槽平(ping)(ping)(ping)板和光滑平(ping)(ping)(ping)板兩(liang)種(zhong)，如(ru)圖4-72所示。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨工作(zuo)前(qian)，先用(yong)丙(bing)酮或(huo)(huo)汽油(you)將研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨平(ping)(ping)(ping)板的表面(mian)擦干凈，然后在平(ping)(ping)(ping)板上均勻、適量地涂一層(ceng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨劑(ji)，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨的工件表面(mian)貼合在平(ping)(ping)(ping)板上即開(kai)始研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨。用(yong)手一邊旋轉一邊做直(zhi)線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，或(huo)(huo)做“8”字(zi)形(xing)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)。由于研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨運(yun)(yun)動(dong)方(fang)向的不斷(duan)變(bian)更，使(shi)磨粒不斷(duan)地在新(xin)的方(fang)向起磨削作(zuo)用(yong)，故(gu)可(ke)提高(gao)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨效率。圖4-73所示為閥體平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)的手工研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨。

  為了避(bi)免(mian)研(yan)磨平(ping)板的磨耗不均，不要總(zong)是在平(ping)板的中(zhong)部研(yan)磨，應沿平(ping)板的全部表(biao)面上不斷變換部位(wei)，否則研(yan)磨平(ping)板將很快失去(qu)平(ping)面精度(du)。

  閘(zha)(zha)板及有些(xie)閥(fa)座(zuo)呈(cheng)楔(xie)狀，密(mi)(mi)封平面(mian)(mian)圓周上的(de)(de)質量(liang)不(bu)均，厚薄(bo)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，容(rong)(rong)易產生偏磨現象，厚的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭容(rong)(rong)易多磨，薄(bo)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭會(hui)少(shao)磨。所以，在研磨楔(xie)式閘(zha)(zha)板密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)時，應附(fu)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)平衡力，使楔(xie)式閘(zha)(zha)板密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)均勻磨削(xue)。圖(tu)4-74所示(shi)為(wei)楔(xie)式閘(zha)(zha)板密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)整體研磨方法。