工(gong)業管(guan)道(dao)(dao)，是由管(guan)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)道(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)架等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，用(yong)(yong)以輸送、分配、混合(he)、分離、排放、計(ji)(ji)量或(huo)控(kong)制流(liu)體流(liu)動。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)連接或(huo)裝配成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括管(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)件(jian)(jian)、法蘭(lan)、墊片、緊固件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門以及(ji)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)特殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)等(deng)。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)特殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)指非普通標準組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，系按(an)工(gong)程(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)條件(jian)(jian)特殊(shu)制造的(de)(de)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)括膨脹節、補償(chang)器(qi)、特殊(shu)閥(fa)門、爆炸片、阻火器(qi)、過濾器(qi)、撓(nao)性接頭及(ji)軟管(guan)等(deng)。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)架，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)承管(guan)道(dao)(dao)或(huo)約束管(guan)道(dao)(dao)位(wei)移的(de)(de)各種結構的(de)(de)總(zong)稱(cheng)，但不包(bao)括土建(jian)結構。管(guan)子只是管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)一部分，當管(guan)子與管(guan)件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門和其他機(ji)械設備(bei)連接，并由支(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)架支(zhi)(zhi)承時，才被稱(cheng)為管(guan)道(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)(gong)業管道(dao)器材是整個(ge)管道(dao)設計過(guo)程的基礎部(bu)(bu)分，它直接影響(xiang)到管道(dao)系統(tong)乃至整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)業裝(zhuang)置的安(an)全性(xing)、可靠性(xing)和經濟性(xing)。工(gong)(gong)業管道(dao)器材在石油(you)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、石油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、電力、輕(qing)紡(fang)、船舶、制藥等(deng)工(gong)(gong)業部(bu)(bu)門的管道(dao)裝(zhuang)置中所占比例(li)很(hen)大。在石油(you)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)生產裝(zhuang)置中，管道(dao)材料中各主要項目費用所占比例(li)如圖16.1所示。

工(gong)業管(guan)道(dao)常(chang)用材(cai)料分類見(jian)表16.2。