銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金具有(you)較高的強度和塑性(xing)(xing)，具有(you)高的彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)極限(xian)(xian)和疲勞極限(xian)(xian)，同(tong)時還(huan)具有(you)較好的耐(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、抗堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)及優良的減(jian)摩性(xing)(xing)和耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)又分純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（俗稱紫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)）、黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)等。
1. 純(chun)銅
純(chun)銅(tong)面呈紫(zi)紅色(se)，有良好的導電性(xing)、導熱性(xing)和(he)耐大氣(qi)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)，熔點為(wei)(wei)1083℃。在(zai)管(guan)道工程(cheng)中常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)純(chun)銅(tong)制成鋼管(guan)和(he)法蘭墊片。因純(chun)銅(tong)硬度較低(di)，退火后變得(de)更(geng)柔軟，故常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)高(gao)壓管(guan)道中的法蘭墊片。純(chun)銅(tong)管(guan)的低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)能(neng)比(bi)鋼材好，故純(chun)銅(tong)管(guan)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)空(kong)分設備管(guan)道、冷凍管(guan)道和(he)儀表管(guan)道。純(chun)銅(tong)的高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性(xing)能(neng)差，在(zai)120℃以下(xia)，容許抗拉強(qiang)度為(wei)(wei)29.43MPa。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度若(ruo)再升(sheng)高(gao)，其機械強(qiang)度則急(ji)劇下(xia)降，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度上(shang)升(sheng)至(zhi)250℃時(shi)，其容許抗拉強(qiang)度只相當于(yu)常(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)的2／3，已不(bu)宜在(zai)壓力下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)的純(chun)銅(tong)牌號為(wei)(wei)T2、T3、T4，雜質含量T2最少，T4最多。
2. 黃銅(H)(brass)(H）
黃銅(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)和鋅(xin)的合(he)金，其(qi)機械強度(du)高，有較(jiao)好的耐腐蝕性和澆鑄性，可用來制作(zuo)(zuo)管(guan)(guan)子、管(guan)(guan)件和閥(fa)門等。化工上常用的有H80、H68、H62（“H”是黃銅(tong)(tong)代號，后(hou)邊的數字表(biao)示合(he)金中(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)的平均含量）。H80比H68塑性好。作(zuo)(zuo)強度(du)計(ji)算時，在120℃以下(xia)，黃銅(tong)(tong)容許抗(kang)拉強度(du)為29.43MPa。隨(sui)著溫度(du)升高，其(qi)強度(du)則急劇下(xia)降，當溫度(du)沒超(chao)(chao)過225℃時，黃銅(tong)(tong)閥(fa)件可用在壓力不超(chao)(chao)過1.6MPa的管(guan)(guan)道(dao)中(zhong)。
3. 青銅（bronze）（Q）
青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)是銅(tong)(tong)和錫(xi)的合(he)金，又稱錫(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)。由于錫(xi)的價(jia)格較高，故制造青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)也常(chang)用其他元(yuan)素(su)代替(ti)，因而又有無錫(xi)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)，如鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、鉛(qian)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、硅青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)等。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)通常(chang)由澆鑄而成(cheng)，其強度、硬度及耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性都比黃銅(tong)(tong)好。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)常(chang)用于制造蝸輪、齒輪、輪，以及管(guan)道工程中的閥件和管(guan)件等。
例如，制冷系統空(kong)調器(qi)用銅配管(guan)(guan)的材料(liao)為(wei)磷(lin)脫氧無縫(feng)拉制銅管(guan)(guan)，牌(pai)號為(wei)TP2（GB／T 5231），供(gong)應狀態有M（軟(ruan)）、Y（硬），材料(liao)標記方(fang)法分別為(wei)TP2M，TP2Y。對(dui)應日(ri)本牌(pai)號分別為(wei)C1220T-OL，C1220-H。要求(qiu)使用內(nei)表面無氧化(hua)的光亮管(guan)(guan)。其直徑、壁厚可(ke)參照GB／T 1804。其化(hua)學成分分析方(fang)法按GB／T 5121進行，性能可(ke)按GB／T 228、GB／T 242、GB／T 246。
