連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹(xiu)鋼管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。

  連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史悠(you)久，早在19世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)末就(jiu)曾嘗(chang)試(shi)在長芯棒上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)，但由于種種原因，至(zhi)1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)世(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)也(ye)僅有6臺連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)后，隨著(zhu)科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步和生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，特別是(shi)電子計(ji)算機技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展(zhan)和應用(yong)，使連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機在生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)和設備(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)日趨完善(shan)，得(de)到了(le)迅速的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和推(tui)廣(guang)。在浮動芯棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，限(xian)動芯棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機于20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代中期進(jin)行了(le)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)試(shi)驗(yan)，獲得(de)了(le)可喜的(de)(de)(de)成果。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)世(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)第一套限(xian)動芯棒連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機（MPM)在意大利達爾明(ming)鋼管(guan)(guan)廠建成投產(chan)(chan)，連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)到了(le)一個新的(de)(de)(de)水準。20世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代末又推(tui)出了(le)三輥連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機（PQF)技(ji)術(shu)，使連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)裝備(bei)(bei)躍上(shang)(shang)了(le)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)臺階。

  連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)在(zai)PQF出現以前，都(dou)是兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即由兩個軋輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一組(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)孔(kong)型(xing)，二輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架既有與(yu)地面呈45°交(jiao)錯布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有與(yu)地面垂直、水平交(jiao)錯布置的(de)(de)(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即由三(san)個軋輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)一組(zu)組(zu)成(cheng)孔(kong)型(xing)，如圖4-2所(suo)示。連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)時，孔(kong)型(xing)頂部的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)由于受到軋輥(gun)(gun)外壓(ya)力(li)和芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)內壓(ya)力(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用而產(chan)生(sheng)軸向(xiang)延伸，并(bing)向(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)寬展，而孔(kong)型(xing)側壁部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)與(yu)芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)不接(jie)觸，但它被(bei)頂部軸向(xiang)延伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)對它附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉應力(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用而產(chan)生(sheng)軸向(xiang)延伸，并(bing)同時產(chan)生(sheng)軸向(xiang)拉縮。不論兩輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是三(san)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)，按芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)方式(shi)可分為(wei)浮(fu)動芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)、半(ban)浮(fu)動芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)和限(xian)動芯棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)三(san)種形(xing)式(shi)。

  為了完成將連續軋管機軋出的(de)荒管與(yu)芯棒脫開分離的(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)，便于荒管在后(hou)道工(gong)序進一(yi)步加工(gong)成品不銹鋼管，一(yi)般采用(yong)以下(xia)兩種方法。

1. 脫棒機

  軋制(zhi)結束(shu)(shu)后(hou)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一(yi)起(qi)移(yi)出(chu)(chu)軋制(zhi)線，荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)受軸向(xiang)約束(shu)(shu)不(bu)動，用(yong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從(cong)(cong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)(chu)。我們將這種荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)動，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機。當(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)進入脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)上的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就鉤住(zhu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)尾柄(bing)，而液壓開閉的(de)(de)(de)卡板(ban)(ban)擋(dang)(dang)住(zhu)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)從(cong)(cong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)(chu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)轉(zhuan)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)圈完(wan)成一(yi)次脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作，鏈(lian)(lian)所走(zou)過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)距離約為(wei)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度(du)的(de)(de)(de)1.1倍(bei)。脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機的(de)(de)(de)最大速度(du)大于4.5m/s,到達(da)終(zhong)位的(de)(de)(de)誤差為(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)(song)輥道送(song)(song)到芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定(ding)位升降擋(dang)(dang)板(ban)(ban)前，然后(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移(yi)送(song)(song)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)(song)人芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻(que)槽(cao)，循環使用(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機安裝位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與連續軋管(guan)(guan)機平行(xing)。脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機有兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)，這兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)用(yong)橫(heng)梁連接起(qi)來，兩(liang)列脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈(lian)(lian)間共有兩(liang)個脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁及多個承(cheng)載橫(heng)梁。脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁用(yong)來從(cong)(cong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)(chu)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而承(cheng)載橫(heng)梁用(yong)來在脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)支撐芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)梁上用(yong)螺(luo)栓緊固與軋件尺寸(cun)相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，當(dang)更(geng)換(huan)軋制(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要更(geng)換(huan)脫(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

2. 脫管機

  軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束后(hou)(hou)，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)停止(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)動(dong)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)線(xian)被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將其(qi)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)中(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，我們將這種芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)不(bu)動(dong)，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有(you)兩輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)有(you)三輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)有(you)兩個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)，完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線(xian)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了工(gong)藝流程，提高了終軋(ya)(ya)(ya)溫度(du)；（2)起定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用，也(ye)就是(shi)說在(zai)每一支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產中(zhong)(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)有(you)延伸和(he)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)作用。在(zai)早期設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限動(dong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)就嘗試(shi)過(guo)不(bu)單獨設(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如1985年建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日本NKK京濱(bin)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)1990年建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏爾加鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)），而(er)是(shi)將MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)(zhi)接送人緊隨(sui)其(qi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)二輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（1997年日本住友和(he)歌(ge)山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)則是(shi)送入(ru)其(qi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架(jia)三輥(gun)(gun)(gun)式（FQS)),使(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)一個工(gong)序(xu)內完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)并完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)任務，實(shi)現MPM與定徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連軋(ya)(ya)(ya)。但由于(yu)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)材(cai)質種類較(jiao)多(duo)，給成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)控制(zhi)帶(dai)來困難，很難保證鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)精度(du)，因此在(zai)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)再使(shi)用這種工(gong)藝布置(zhi)。為(wei)生產薄(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)厚(hou)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔型名(ming)義直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)必須小于(yu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。在(zai)生產薄(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)量要相(xiang)應加大(da)，否則薄(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)易(yi)被脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)。每架(jia)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上都(dou)裝有(you)安(an)全(quan)白(bai)，以(yi)防止(zhi)(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)進入(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)損(sun)傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)及相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)部分。在(zai)事(shi)故情況下(xia)，假(jia)如當帶(dai)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔型時(shi)，若脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)承受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向載荷大(da)于(yu)預(yu)設(she)值，則軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)孔型會相(xiang)應張開，防止(zhi)(zhi)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)頂壞軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)及設(she)備。

3. 空減機(ji)的配置

  空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)是空心(xin)坯減徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)簡稱(cheng)，一套(tao)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為使其(qi)產品外徑(jing)(jing)規(gui)格范圍盡可能地大(da)，設(she)計時一般選(xuan)用2~5個孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)配備(bei)張減機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)數較少，軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)配備(bei)定徑(jing)(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)數較多。由于孔(kong)(kong)型(xing)尺寸的(de)(de)變(bian)化相應(ying)地軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)口的(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)也要隨著(zhu)發生變(bian)化，為適應(ying)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)口毛管(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)(jing)變(bian)化，通(tong)常有兩種方(fang)法(fa)：

  a. 選用(yong)幾種外徑的管(guan)坯(pi)，針對不同(tong)的孔(kong)型選用(yong)不同(tong)規(gui)格(ge)的管(guan)坯(pi)，但每次(ci)更換(huan)孔(kong)型時(shi)(shi)需(xu)對穿(chuan)孔(kong)機的受料槽(cao)、導衛裝置(zhi)（導板或導盤）進行更換(huan)，這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)一方面占用(yong)較(jiao)多工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)間；另一方面管(guan)坯(pi)料場、穿(chuan)孔(kong)機工(gong)具(ju)需(xu)要場地較(jiao)大；

  b. 在(zai)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間布置(zhi)一臺空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)，通過空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)可使用同一種外徑尺(chi)寸的(de)管坯(pi)來滿足軋(ya)管機(ji)(ji)不(bu)同孔(kong)型成為可能。

  浮動芯棒連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組采用穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)布(bu)置(zhi)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)方(fang)法比較(jiao)經濟，這樣既可(ke)僅用一(yi)個(ge)規格的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)組織(zhi)生產，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)了管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯(pi)庫的(de)(de)面積和(he)穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)相關的(de)(de)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)工(gong)具(ju)數量，又可(ke)以減(jian)少(shao)(shao)換孔型(xing)的(de)(de)時間(jian)，提高了機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)作(zuo)業率。經空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后的(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)在運往(wang)連續軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口臺架前，先通(tong)過一(yi)個(ge)吹灰裝(zhuang)置(zhi)用壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)吹去毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)細小氧化鐵皮，以減(jian)少(shao)(shao)對芯棒的(de)(de)磨(mo)損和(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)子內(nei)表面缺陷，同時空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)亦消除了狄塞(sai)爾穿孔機(ji)(ji)(ji)所造成的(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)頭尾外徑差，使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)過程穩定。這種單獨布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)(de)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般使用三(san)輥式及3~6個(ge)機(ji)(ji)(ji)架。

  半浮動(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)將空(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)布(bu)置在連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)人(ren)口(kou)側(ce)，即與連(lian)續(xu)軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)串列(lie)布(bu)置，一般(ban)為(wei)兩輥式、2~4架(jia)(jia)；在保(bao)持了(le)(le)原(yuan)有(you)(you)空(kong)減(jian)(jian)機(ji)(ji)優(you)點的(de)同時，可(ke)(ke)縮短工藝流(liu)程，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)占地面積。這種變(bian)化(hua)(hua)一方面是(shi)因為(wei)錐(zhui)形輥穿(chuan)孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)應(ying)用使(shi)變(bian)形前移，軋管(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)(jia)數相應(ying)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)（減(jian)(jian)少(shao)2~3架(jia)(jia)），串列(lie)布(bu)置因芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)長度增(zeng)加(jia)而引(yin)起(qi)的(de)軋制節奏變(bian)化(hua)(hua)不是(shi)很多（因軋制終了(le)(le)芯(xin)棒(bang)向前運(yun)動(dong)）；另一方面串列(lie)布(bu)置可(ke)(ke)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)毛管(guan)(guan)在縱向移動(dong)過程中內表面的(de)氧化(hua)(hua)和溫(wen)降，能(neng)更(geng)有(you)(you)效地確保(bao)鋼管(guan)(guan)質量。

  限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)最初時(shi)沒有空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)，采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一種(zhong)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)坯對應(ying)一個孔型(xing)，這主(zhu)要(yao)是因為(wei)軋(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)芯(xin)棒(bang)與軋(ya)件內表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)比浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作條(tiao)件更(geng)為(wei)惡劣，芯(xin)棒(bang)更(geng)容易(yi)磨損和劃(hua)傷。限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)工藝上不允許毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)進(jin)入軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)前做(zuo)縱向(xiang)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，必須有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防止毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧化，才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)確保鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，因此不可能(neng)(neng)(neng)像浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)那樣在(zai)穿(chuan)孔機(ji)與軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)之間(jian)布(bu)置(zhi)空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)。如采用半浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)串列布(bu)置(zhi)，因芯(xin)棒(bang)長度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)使軋(ya)制(zhi)節奏更(geng)加(jia)緩(huan)慢（因軋(ya)制(zhi)終(zhong)了芯(xin)棒(bang)向(xiang)后運(yun)動(dong)(dong)），將影響機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發揮，也是不經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。近十年來(lai)，限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)也在(zai)不斷吸收其他機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長處(chu)，在(zai)軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)入口側串列布(bu)置(zhi)1架空(kong)減(jian)機(ji)（三輥(gun)、四輥(gun)形式均有），目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于消除毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內表(biao)面與芯(xin)棒(bang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和毛(mao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭尾直徑偏差，使軋(ya)制(zhi)更(geng)加(jia)平穩(wen)，從而提高(gao)軋(ya)輥(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命，確保鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何尺寸(cun)精(jing)度(du)和內外表(biao)面質量。

4. 吹硼砂的(de)工藝

  限(xian)動芯(xin)棒連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)組比浮動、半(ban)浮動機(ji)(ji)組多(duo)了一個(ge)工(gong)序(xu)就是(shi)在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)入口前向毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)用(yong)氮氣(qi)噴(pen)抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)劑，工(gong)藝目的(de)是(shi)去除內(nei)表面的(de)氧化(hua)(hua)鐵皮并防(fang)止二次氧化(hua)(hua)。抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)劑在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)時(shi)(shi)(shi)呈熔融狀態(tai)可起(qi)到很好(hao)(hao)的(de)潤滑作用(yong)，對抗(kang)氧化(hua)(hua)劑的(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)(hua)學穩定性(xing)、物(wu)理(li)穩定性(xing)及吹撒的(de)數量、噴(pen)吹的(de)壓力、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間都有嚴格的(de)要(yao)求，主要(yao)是(shi)解(jie)決軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)延伸大(da)(da)、軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)芯(xin)棒與軋(ya)(ya)件間相(xiang)對運動較大(da)(da)、芯(xin)棒的(de)工(gong)作條件更為惡(e)劣，芯(xin)棒更容易(yi)磨(mo)損和劃(hua)傷、潤滑條件不好(hao)(hao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)容易(yi)發生(sheng)軋(ya)(ya)卡事故(gu)或軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)終(zhong)了時(shi)(shi)(shi)脫管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)不能將荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)從芯(xin)棒中順利的(de)抽出等(deng)問題。